| Plague |
King James |
RSV | Hebrew |
Schocken Bible |
Jerusalem Bible |
New English Bible |
The Bible, An American Translation |
| Before plagues; comment on process |
Ex. 4:21 But I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. |
Harden |
chazaq |
I will make his heart strong-willed… |
Harden |
I will make him obstinate… |
I will make him obstinate… |
| Before plagues; comment on process |
Ex. 7:3 And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. |
Harden |
qasheh |
Harden |
I myself will make [P’s] heart stubborn… |
…but I will make him stubborn. |
I will make Pharaoh obstinate… |
| After rods turn to serpents |
Ex. 7:13 And he hardened Pharaoh’s heart, that he hearkened not unto them. (a) |
P’s heart was hardened |
chazaq |
Yet Pharaoh’s heart remained strong-willed |
P’s heart was stubborn |
P., however, was obstinate. |
P., however, remained obstinate. |
| Next day, prior to plague |
Ex. 7:14 And the Lord said unto Moses, Pharaoh’s heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go. |
Hardened |
kabed |
P’s heart is heavy-with-stubbornness |
Pharaoh is adamant. |
Pharaoh is obdurate. |
Pharaoh is stubborn. |
| After water to blood |
Ex. 7:22 And Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them. |
P’s heart remained hardened. |
chazaq |
Strong-willed |
P’s heart was stubborn. |
Remained obstinate… |
Remained obstinate… |
| After frogs |
Ex. 8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them. |
Hardened |
kabed |
He [P] made his heart heavy-with-stubbornness |
P. became adamant again. |
He became obdurate. |
He became stubborn… |
| After lice |
Ex. 8:19 And Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them. |
Hardened |
chazaq |
P’s heart remained strong-willed |
P’s heart was stubborn. |
P. remained obdurate. |
But Pharaoh was obstinate… |
| After flies |
Ex. 8:32 And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go. |
Hardened |
kabed |
Heavy-with-stubbornness |
P. was adamant this time too. |
But once again P. became obdurate… |
But this time also Pharaoh became stubborn… |
| Plague |
King James |
RSV |
Hebrew |
Schocken Bible |
Jerusalem Bible |
New English Bible |
American Translation |
|
| After cattle |
Ex. 9:7 And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go. |
Hardened |
kabed |
P’s heart remained heavy-with-stubbornness |
P. became adamant again. |
Yet he remained obdurate… |
But Pharaoh remained stubborn… |
| After boils |
Ex. 9:12 And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them. |
Hardened |
chazaq |
YHWH made P’s heart strong-willed… |
Yahweh made P’s heart stubborn |
But the Lord made Pharaoh obstinate. |
But the Lord made Pharaoh obstinate… |
| After hail |
Ex. 9:34 And when Pharaoh saw [the hail stop], he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart. |
Hardened |
kabed |
He [P] made his heart heavy-with-stubbornness |
He became adamant. |
He became obdurate. |
Pharaoh became obstinate… |
| After hail |
Ex. 9: 35 And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go. |
Hardened |
chazaq |
Remained strong-willed |
The heart of P. was stubborn |
So P. remained obstinate. |
P. became obstinate… |
| The Lord send Moses to warn Pharaoh |
Ex. 10:1 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart. |
Hardened |
kabed |
… I have made his heart heavy-with-stubbornness. |
… It is I who have made his heart stubborn. |
I have made him obdurate. |
I have made him stubborn… |
| After locusts |
Ex. 10:20 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go. |
Hardened |
chazaq |
YHWH made P’s heart strong-willed… |
But Yahweh made P’s heart stubborn… |
The Lord made Pharaoh obstinate… |
The Lord made Pharaoh obstinate… |
| After darkness |
Ex. 10:27 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them. |
Hardened |
chazaq |
YHWH made P’s heart strong-willed… |
But Yahweh made P’s heart stubborn… |
The Lord made Pharaoh obstinate… |
But the Lord made Pharaoh obstinate… |
| After the warning of the death of the firstborn |
Ex. 11:10 And the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land. |
Hardened |
chazaq |
YHWH had made P’s heart strong-willed… |
But Yahweh made P’s heart stubborn… |
The Lord made him obstinate… |
But the Lord made Pharaoh stubborn… |
| After plagues; comment on process |
Ex. 13:15 When Pharaoh would hardly let us go… |
When P. stubbornly refused to let us go… |
qasheh |
When P. hardened his heart against sending us free… |
When P. stubbornly refused to let us go… |
When P. proved stubborn… |
When P. put obstacles in the way of letting us go… |
(a) Note that only the King James implies in this verse that the Lord (or Aaron?) made Pharaoh’s heart hard at this time.
Traditional worship services are held Sundays at 8:15 and
11:00 a.m. in the sanctuary. Casual worship services are held Sundays at
9:30 a.m. in the Family Life Center.
are held monthly on the second Saturday at 5:00 p.m. in the sanctuary. St. John's feels especially called to the worship of God and to the service of our neighbors through our